Sexuality in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay -- Essays Papers

The Complications of Sexuality in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Gawain's movements in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight propose a world wherein home- - i.e., Camelot- - is typical, while away- - the restricting palace of Hautdesert where Gawain perforce spends his Christmas excursion - is other, described by newness, disengagement, perversity. Furthermore, in certainty the climate at Hautdesert shows up to some degree curious, with different difficulties to ordinary sexual character, and with changes of physical closeness, or possibly the recommendation of such closeness, that are, without a doubt, amazing. The regular excursion of medieval sentiment compares a genuine existence where things and individuals carry on as per desire with a supernatural world in which the standard guidelines are suspended. As per this worldview, we may expect that this sonnet would put Hautdesert beyond convention, isolated by its distinction from the desires that oversee Camelot and the rest of the Arthurian world. Be that as it may, Gawain's excursion away from Camelot and back is encircled by references, in the first and last verses, to the excursions into outcast of Aeneas and of Brutus, the amazing originator of Britain, that entangle this obvious restriction. As this paper will contend, this system convolutes the sonnet's introduction of sex and sexuality. Instead of a reasonable resistance between, state, conjugal sexuality and everything else, we discover a circumstance wherein conceivably double-crossing acts and kisses among men are vested with differed - and moving - values. The sonnet utilizes references to the (envisioned) British past to convolute any straightforward perusing of the story it tells as far as sexual ethical quality or transgression.1 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight opens with an outline of the occasions driving from the fall of Troy to the foundation of Britain: Siã ¾en à ¾e sege and à ¾e assaut watz sesed at Troye, à ¾e borgh brittened and brent to brondez and askez, à ¾e tulk à ¾at à ¾e trammes of tresoun à ¾er wroght Watz went after for his tricherie, à ¾e trewest on erthe: Hit watz Ennias à ¾e athel, and his highe kynde, à ¾at siã ¾en depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welneghe of al à ¾e wele in à ¾e west iles. Fro riche Romulus to Rome ricchis hym swyã ¾e, With gret bobbaunce à ¾at burghe he biges vpon fyrst, What's more, neuenes hit his aune nome, as hit currently cap; Tirius to Tuskan and teldes bigynnes, Langaberde in Lumbardie lyft... ...e is by and by encompassed by the recognizable essences of Arthur's knights, this arrival can't fix what he has encountered, doesn't unwrite what the artist has composed. The arrival of the perpetual bunch to the spot of its start doesn't nullify the presence of the example that has been made. Bertilak peruses the unfavorable and the troublesome in Layamon's portrayal of the roots of Britain. By finding the narrative of Gawain's tease with Lady Bertilak inside the setting of Layamon's annal of treachery in Troy just as at Camelot, the Gawain-artist confounds any perusing of Camelot and Hautdesert as contradicted places with restricted valuations. Conspiracy is as of now and consistently present at Camelot, named with dark referent in the principal verse of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight- - and this very lack of clarity focuses to the trouble of arriving at any resolutions encompassing sex or sexuality in the sonnet. The utilization of history shows that womanliness, manliness, regulating sexuality and offense are on the whole troublesome, maybe inconceivable, to characterize. Gawain, obviously, doesn't peruse Brut, and is along these lines left wallowing looking for an irrevocability which is impractical inside the universe of this sonnet. Sexuality in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay - Essays Papers The Complications of Sexuality in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Gawain's movements in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight propose a world wherein home- - i.e., Camelot- - is typical, while away- - the restricting palace of Hautdesert where Gawain perforce spends his Christmas get-away - is other, portrayed by newness, disengagement, perversity. Also, in reality the air at Hautdesert shows up to some degree unconventional, with different difficulties to typical sexual character, and with changes of physical closeness, or possibly the proposal of such closeness, that are, most definitely, astonishing. The run of the mill excursion of medieval sentiment compares a genuine existence where things and individuals carry on as indicated by desire with a supernatural world in which the typical standards are suspended. As per this worldview, we may expect that this sonnet would put Hautdesert beyond custom, isolated by its distinction from the desires that administer Camelot and the rest of the Arthurian world. Notwithstanding, Gawain's excursion away from Camelot and back is encircled by references, in the first and last verses, to the excursions into outcast of Aeneas and of Brutus, the unbelievable author of Britain, that confuse this obvious restriction. As this paper will contend, this structure entangles the sonnet's introduction of sex and sexuality. Instead of an unmistakable resistance between, state, conjugal sexuality and everything else, we discover a circumstance where possibly double-crossing acts and kisses among men are vested with fluctuated - and moving - values. The sonnet utilizes references to the (envisioned) British past to convolute any basic perusing of the story it tells as far as sexual profound quality or transgression.1 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight opens with a rundown of the occasions driving from the fall of Troy to the foundation of Britain: Siã ¾en à ¾e sege and à ¾e assaut watz sesed at Troye, à ¾e borgh brittened and brent to brondez and askez, à ¾e tulk à ¾at à ¾e trammes of tresoun à ¾er wroght Watz went after for his tricherie, à ¾e trewest on erthe: Hit watz Ennias à ¾e athel, and his highe kynde, à ¾at siã ¾en depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welneghe of al à ¾e wele in à ¾e west iles. Fro riche Romulus to Rome ricchis hym swyã ¾e, With gret bobbaunce à ¾at burghe he biges vpon fyrst, What's more, neuenes hit his aune nome, as hit presently cap; Tirius to Tuskan and teldes bigynnes, Langaberde in Lumbardie lyft... ...e is by and by encompassed by the natural essences of Arthur's knights, this arrival can't fix what he has encountered, doesn't unwrite what the writer has composed. The arrival of the interminable bunch to the spot of its start doesn't refute the presence of the example that has been made. Bertilak peruses the unpropitious and the troublesome in Layamon's portrayal of the sources of Britain. By finding the account of Gawain's tease with Lady Bertilak inside the setting of Layamon's narrative of conspiracy in Troy just as at Camelot, the Gawain-writer convolutes any perusing of Camelot and Hautdesert as contradicted places with restricted valuations. Conspiracy is as of now and consistently present at Camelot, named with dark referent in the primary verse of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight- - and this very indefinite quality focuses to the trouble of arriving at any resolutions encompassing sex or sexuality in the sonnet. The utilization of history shows that gentility, manliness, regularizing sexuality and offense are on the whole troublesome, maybe unthinkable, to characterize. Gawain, obviously, doesn't peruse Brut, and is in this way left fumbling looking for a certainty which is hopeless inside the universe of this sonnet.

Is Cloud Computing Beneficial to Organizations Research Paper

Is Cloud Computing Beneficial to Organizations - Research Paper Example Immense possibilities for improving money related incomes, exhibitions and natural worries in these associations were distinguished. Organizations, libraries and colleges can considerably develop by utilizing techniques to conquer distributed computing difficulties recognized in this examination. 1. Presentation 1.1 History and Development of â€Å"Cloud† Development of â€Å"cloud† can be considered as an unavoidable pattern which started in 1950s as equipment time-sharing (Earnst and Young, 2012) and â€Å"Utility computing† and â€Å"Grid computing† in late 1980s (Global Technology Industry, 2011). In this way collecting resources had been valuable over on-premise processing since the start of IT industry. â€Å"Utility computing† permitted customers to pay for PC programming dependent on the sum they used instead of the conventional technique for buying the whole programming. â€Å"Grid computing† collected the preparing intensity of a fe w inert PCs, diminished the time taken for tasks of huge programming and gave different gets to the information bases put away in remote PC labs, libraries and different workplaces in the colleges (Educause, 2006). Besides, Utility registering and Grid figuring diminished the expense of buying permit for programming, expanded comfort in checking the data frameworks in colleges, amassed the processors and diminished the time utilization on point by point programming such the 3D realistic planning. Be that as it may, these ideas were confined to little scope tasks in these associations. Improvement of cloud empowered enormous scopes organizations receiving rewards from asset accumulation and virtualization. It contains comparable qualities to Utility registering, Grid figuring, High Speed Computers and groups. Be that as it may, distributed computing basically concedes from Utility and Grid processing, because of numerous properties. Model: administrations, organization, related issue s and extension for improvement. These are portrayed in detail in the procedure parts. Besides, open utilized remotely facilitated servers for associating with the web and getting web administrations, for example, Gmail, visit, e-banking and long range interpersonal communication in huge scope for a significant timespan in the history. Be that as it may, asset virtualization was not perceived as a potential endeavor including immense monetary advantages until the advancement of cloud in ongoing history. Distributed computing includes huge scope amassing and vitalizing of IT resources. It conveys various monetary and operational advantages to all the customer fragments (Gong, Liu, Zhang, Chen and Gong, 2010). It has a developing potential to diminish the firms’ creation costs, make virtual business firms and market business process as an assistance in present day economies (Earnst and Young, 2012). Instead of Grid figuring which chiefly included scholarly and government founda tions distributed computing specialist co-ops include business IT monsters, for example, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, IBM and Oracle (Gong et. al, 2010). And furthermore private, collaborate and contract programming engineers and merchants additionally advertise in mists. Shoppers of distributed computing administrations change from little to enormous scope business firms, colleges government to people. Consequently distributed computing gives advantages to numerous layers in the web based market. Basic disadvantages had been distinguished identified with activities of contemporary distributed computing. Working of cloud includes advancements and human inventiveness. Last part additionally enhance techniques for programming theft, hacking, cheats

Why Coughing May Occur After You Quit Smoking

Why Coughing May Occur After You Quit Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal Print Coughing After You Quit Smoking By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 07, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 12, 2019 Verywell / JR Bee More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Although coughing is not a common symptom of withdrawal from smoking cigarettes, some ex-smokers do develop a cough early on in smoking cessation for a short period of time.?? The reason for this usually has to do with the cilia in our lungs.   Cigarette smoke paralyzes and damages thousands of tiny hair-like projections in our lungs called cilia. When you stop smoking, cilia start to function again, which can prompt you to cough. The Function of Cilia in Lungs Cilia are a protective barrier between the outside world and the delicate tissue of the lungs. The bronchial tubes in healthy lungs are lined with a thin coating of mucus and cilia. Moving back and forth in unison, cilia clean house by sweeping inhaled pollutants that have been trapped in the mucus layer  back out of the body.?? Once the mucus reaches the throat, its either coughed/spit out or swallowed. This work done between cilia and the mucus layer in lungs protects us from a host of respiratory infections and diseases. How Smoking Affects Cilia Cigarette smoke is made up of thousands of chemicals that have damaging effects on the lungs. It also leaves a sticky yellow coating called tar on everything it touches, including a smokers teeth, fingers, clothing and furniture, and the inside of the lungs. In the lungs, the buildup of tar shuts down the motion of cilia and causes inflammation in the airways, prompting excess mucus production. With the lungs natural defense system neutralized, toxic particles in cigarette smoke and other inhaled dust, dirt, and germs stay in the lungs,?? putting smokers at risk for chest infections and respiratory diseases like chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. Smoking Cessation-Related Coughing When you stop smoking, cilia gradually start functioning again and the lungs begin the work of moving trapped toxins up and out.?? This might cause a cough that could last for the first couple of months of smoking cessation until cilia have fully recovered. If you are concerned about your cough, how long it is lasting, or any other symptom you experience when you quit smoking, dont hesitate to check in with your doctor to have it evaluated. What You Can Do for  Your Cough While you dont want to necessarily reduce the productive quality of the cough because it is helping to rid the lungs of tobacco pollutants, there are a few things you can do to soothe your throat and help the process along: Stay hydrated by drinking water, juice, and tea.  Teas with licorice root are an especially good choice as licorice root is a natural expectorant  that also  soothes the throat.??Use a humidifier in your home, especially if you live in a dry environment.  It will help to loosen mucus and allow for a productive cough.??Ease your tender throat with a tablespoon of honey one to three times a day. It coats and soothes raw throats nicely. Warning Signs of Something More Serious If you experience any of the following symptoms, schedule an appointment with your doctor as soon as possible, as there may be something more serious than cilia recovery going on: Shortness of Breath???: Struggling to catch your breath after little or no exertion, or feeling that it is difficult to breathe in and out.Wheezing???: Noisy breathing may be a sign of inflammation in your airway.Blood in Sputum: Coughing up flecks or streaks of blood in phlegm. A Word From Verywell Nicotine withdrawal can produce a number of discomforts that may be intense, but they are temporary and signs of healing from the damage that tobacco has inflicted. Do some reading about what you can expect as you recover from nicotine addiction, and connect with other ex-smokers  for support that will help you go the distance with smoking cessation. Its worth the work it takes, and the benefits are undeniable.

The Fast Fashion Business Model - 1317 Words

The Fast Fashion Business Model 1.What are the key characteristics associated with the fashion markets that support this model? Because of the continuous change in consumer demand in a very short span of time creating high complexity for the supply chain, the demand for apparel in fast fashion industry is volatile. A fast fashion retailing company can optimize its performance and remain competitive by creating agile supply chain. Agile supply chain is paramount to achieving the ultimate in profit maximization and corporate survival in the fashion industry as well as any other businesses. Companies like Zara, the retailer HM and GAP have to keep up with every changing trends in the fashion industry. Fashion markets typically exhibit the following characteristics: Fashion industry manufactures clothes that have short life span and do exhibit the following characteristics: Short life-cycles – These product is often ephemeral, designed to capture the present moment of the market. The period in which it will be saleable is likely to be very short and seasonal, measured in months or even weeks. It needs constant update as well. High volatility – Demand for these products is rarely stable or linear. It may be influenced by the weather and as such the time of the year. Celebrities, movie actors and music artist do greatly influence the fashion industry. Low predictability – Because of the volatility of demand it is extremely difficult to forecast with any accuracy even total demandShow MoreRelatedThe Emergence of the Fast Fashion Business Model and Imposed Quick Response Challenges for Chinese Fabric Manufacturers14773 Words   |  60 PagesEmergence of the Fast Fashion Business Model and Imposed Quick Response Challenges for C hinese Fabric Manufacturers Jennie Hope Peterson, Jimmy Chang, Yiu-Hing Wong, and Carl A. 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Greg Lynn, Binary Large Objects, and Blob Architecture

Blob architecture is a type of wavy, curvy building design without traditional edges or traditional symmetric form. It is made possible by computer-aided-design (CAD) software. American-born architect and philosopher Greg Lynn (b. 1964) is credited with coining the phrase, although Lynn himself claims the name comes from a software feature that creates Binary Large Objects. The name has stuck, often disparagingly, in various forms, including blobism, blobismus, and blobitecture. Examples of Blob Architecture These buildings have been called early examples of blobitecture: Selfridges Department Store (pictured on this page) in Birmingham, United KingdomGuggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (designed by Frank Gehry)Xanadu Houses in Kissimmee, FloridaThe Sage Gateshead in Newcastle, UK (designed by Norman Foster)Admirant Entrance Building in Eindhoven, Netherlands (designed by Massimiliano Fuksas)Galaxy SOHO in Beijing, China (designed by Zaha Hadid)The Experience Music Project (EMP) in Seattle, Washington (designed by Frank Gehry) CAD Design on Steroids Mechanical drawing and drafting changed radically with the advent of desktop computing. CAD software was one of the very first applications to be used in offices transitioning to personal computer workstations in the early 1980s. Wavefront Technologies developed the OBJ file (with the .obj file extension) to geometrically define three-dimensional models. Greg Lynn and Blob Modeling Ohio-born Greg Lynn came of age during the digital revolution. The term Blob modelling was a module in Wavefront software at the time, says Lynn, and it was an acronym for Binary Large Object — spheres that could be collected to form larger composite forms. At the level of geometry and mathematics, I was excited by the tool as it was great for making large-scale single surfaces out of many small components as well as adding detailed elements to larger areas. Other architects who were the first to experiment with and use blob modeling include the American Peter Eisenman, British architect Norman Foster, Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas, Frank Gehry,  Zaha Hadid and Patrik Schumacher, and Jan Kaplickà ½ and Amanda Levete. Architectural movements, such as the 1960s Archigram led by architect Peter Cook or the convictions of the deconstructionists, are often associated with blob architecture. Movements, however, are about ideas and philosophy. Blob architecture is about a digital process — using mathematics and computer technologies to design. Mathematics and Architecture Ancient Greek and Roman designs were based on geometry and architecture. Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius observed relationships of human body parts — the nose to the face, the ears to the head — and documented the symmetry and proportion. Todays architecture is more calculus-based using digital tools. Calculus is the mathematical study of changes. Greg Lynn argues that since the Middle Ages architects have used calculus — the Gothic moment in architecture was the first time that force and motion was thought of in terms of form. In Gothic details such as ribbed vaulting you can see that the structural forces of the vaulting get articulated as lines, so youre really actually seeing the expression of structural force and form. Calculus is also a mathematics of curves. So, even a straight line, defined with calculus, is a curve. Its just a curve without inflection. So, a new vocabulary of form is now pervading all design fields: whether its automobiles, architecture, products, etc., its really being affected by this digital medium of curvature. The intricacies of scale that come out of that — you know, in the example of the nose to the face, theres a fractional part-to-whole idea. With calculus, the whole idea of subdivision is more complex, because the whole and the parts are one continuous series. —  Greg Lynn, 2005 Todays CAD has enabled the building of designs that were once theoretical and philosophical movements. Powerful BIM software now allows designers to visually manipulate parameters, knowing that Computer Aided Manufacturing software will keep track of the building components and how they are to be assembled. Perhaps because of the unfortunate acronym used by Greg Lynn, other architects such as  Patrik Schumacher have coined a new word for new software — parametricism. Books by and About Greg Lynn Folds, Bodies Blobs: Collected Essays by Greg Lynn, 1998Animate Form by Greg Lynn, 1999Composites, Surfaces, and Software: High Performance Architecture, Greg Lynn at the Yale School of Architecture, 2011Visual Catalog: Greg Lynns Studio at the University of Applied Arts Vienna, 2010IOA Studios. Zaha Hadid, Greg Lynn, Wolf D. Prix: Selected Student Works 2009, Architecture is PornographyOther Space Odysseys: Greg Lynn, Michael Maltzan and Alessandro Poli, 2010Greg Lynn FORM by Greg Lynn, Rizzoli, 2008 Sources Greg Lynn - Biography, European Graduate School website at www.egs.edu/faculty/greg-lynn/biography/ [accessed March 29, 2013]Greg Lynn on calculus in architecture, TED (Technology, Entertainment and Design), February 2005, https://www.ted.com/talks/greg_lynn_on_organic_designPhoto of The Sage by Paul Thompson/Photolibrary Collection/Getty Images

The Changing Role and Status of women in Britain since 1900 †source related study Free Essays

1. Source A is useful as it shows how united the Suffragettes were in 1908. It says in the caption beneath the photograph, that there was said to have been 200000 people who attended. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Role and Status of women in Britain since 1900 – source related study or any similar topic only for you Order Now They look like they are determined to get what they want. Some of the women are holding banners, flowers and flags. There is a policeman in the corner of the picture. This shows that the police thought that the protest might become violent. The Suffragettes were known for heckling at meetings, deliberately trying to get arrested and get sent to prison, and in 1908 they began to attack properties. The Suffragettes believed that peaceful campaigns were getting them nowhere. In 1908, women had already achieved many improvements in their education, legal rights and job opportunities. However they still wanted to earn the right to be able to vote in General Elections. This may be what the protest was for. The Suffragettes had a lot of support, particularly in London. There were thirty-four branches of the WSPU in London alone and fifty-four branches in the rest of the country. Source A shows that the Suffragettes are like a big team and family. They all look determined to get what they want. The WSPU’s motto was ‘Deeds not Words,’ this meant that they believed that actions were stronger than words. Emmeline Pankhurst is leading the protest. In the Suffragettes first public demonstration in 1905 Emmeline said, â€Å"Then amid uproar and shouting, the women were seized and flung out of the hall.† In conclusion this source shows that the Suffragettes were a strong group of women who had strong opinions and views. This source shows that the Suffragette movement was a strong force to be reckoned with thus affecting people’s attitudes. There would be those people in full support, with many women openly and many offering passive support. Men’s attitudes would be very different. Up until now the women’s place was in the home. The police’s attitude was one of recognition of their considerable power and they feared the implications of this, thus the police presence in Source A suggests the need for containment and prevention of violence. 2. Source D and E are both extremely useful in showing us what peoples views about the Suffragettes were in 1910. Source D is taken from a British newspaper, and is obviously written by a man. It is reliable to show the some peoples opinions of what the Suffragettes were doing at the time. Source E is also useful as it is a postcard that was issued by the Suffragettes. It shows the suffragettes opinion. The postcard would be used to persuade people to become one of them. It shows what women could be a mayor or a nurse, and can’t vote however men could be lunatics or drunkards and they can vote. This is biased as it has been created by the suffragettes, and is very one sided. However Source D is also biased as it doesn’t show the views of the suffragettes, only the writers view about what went on. In Source D the writer uses phrases such as ‘shameful recklessness’ and ‘desperate women’ to show how the country should be ashamed of the way the suffragettes have acted. This newspaper article does not once say why the suffragettes were doing what they were doing. I’m sure many people agreed with what was written however I am also sure a lot of people were against what was written. In the headline it says ‘ DISGRACEFUL SCENES Reckless Women Charge Headlong into Cordon of Police.’ The word ‘disgraceful’ suggests that the country should be ashamed of the actions of the Suffragettes. Men expected women to be quiet and obedient so when women started to rebel against this stereotype, the campaign for women’s votes was important news, especially with the papers. The Suffragettes began to create posters, which got them some sympathy from people in the public. In Source E it says ‘What a woman may be and yet not have the Vote.’ Underneath, it has pictures of women being a mayor, a nurse, a doctor, teacher and a factory hand. It also says ‘what a man may have been and yet not lose the vote.’ Underneath, it has pictures of men being a convict, a lunatic, an owner of white slaves, being unfit for service and a drunkard. Of course, women could also be all of the things the males are, and the males are able to have all of the livings the females have however in this postcard the women have only been shown as being good things, whereas the men have been shown as being bad. This would have got the suffragettes some more support. In conclusion I believe that both sources are equally reliable. They both are biased and they both show different opinions of different people at the time. 3. When the First World War began so many men had gone away to fight, that women were needed to do their jobs. This meant that the number of women working in industry increased massively. The war made it acceptable for women to work in shipyards, collieries and brickyards. Some of them worked as highly skilled engineers and carpenters. In some of these jobs, women were welcomed, however in others they were resented because they had little or no training for jobs, which had previously needed very skilled people. If there was an election during the war most soldiers wouldn’t be able to vote. Women soon realised that this could be their chance to pressurize the government to let them vote. There were no demonstrations, however there were many meetings between women’s leaders and politicians and telegrams and letters were sent to MPs. In 1918 Parliament passed a new law, which allowed women over the age of 30 to be able to vote. From my knowledge of what happened, I believe that the war was a big part of Parliament passing a law allowing women to vote. As there may not of been enough males in the country at the time of the war, to vote if there was an election, they needed females. I also think that because most men were away during the war, the women proved themselves to be useful, as they started doing work in factories and so on. Men had never seen females do this before so it may have been a shock to them to see that women could do things just as good as them. In Source J, Herbert Asquith says, â€Å"I will find it impossible to withhold from women the power and the right of making their voices heard.† This proves that women proved themselves by working while the men were away at war. They even convinced an ex prime minister that they were worthy of having a say about what goes on in there life. The war didn’t help the French Suffragette women gain the vote. In conclusion I do agree with the statement: â€Å"Without the First World War British women would not have gained the right to vote in 1918.† I also believe that women would not have received as much respect from men as they do today if the war hadn’t of happened. Women had a chance to prove to people that they were able to do things just as well as men in this period of time. How to cite The Changing Role and Status of women in Britain since 1900 – source related study, Papers

Racism Essays (1882 words) - Racism, Discrimination, The Bluest Eye

Racism There were two cops. One said 'You niggers have to learn to respect police officers.' The other one said, 'If you yell or make any noise, I will kill you.' Then one held me and the other shoved the plunger up my behind. He pulled it out, shoved it in my mouth, broke my teeth and said, 'That's your *censored*, nigger.'(Abner Louima) The police officers that allegedly performed this act of racial violence on August 9, 1997 had no reason to brutally beat and sodomize Abner Louima. They beat him for the fact that he was an African-American. I will show how I researched a poem by Maya Angelou and how racism occurred in The Bluest Eye. First, we need to understand what racism is. Racism is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and those racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Racism is slightly different in my point of view. Racism is a person's attitude, ignorance and beliefs that causes one to believe their race is superior. It spreads to each generation causing a never-ending cycle. It occurs in every day life. Violence, destruction and ultimately death are sometimes the results of racism. It is unfair treatment to minorities being judged primarily because of the color of their skin. Every race is affected in some way, but African-Americans are affected more significantly than any other race. Racism begins in the home where it is taught. You have to be taught to hate and fear / You have to be taught from year to year / It has to be drummed in our dear little ear / You have to be carefully taught! (Roger & Hammerstein) Racism occurs at home, work, anytime and anyplace. It began years ag o and continues today. In Maya Angelou's Still I Rise, racism was discussed. The poet emphasizes I rise (L.30, 32, 36, 38, 41-43) to express that no matter how much someone puts you down, you can overcome the situation. Consider lines 1 through 4: You may write me down in history With your bitter, twisted lies, You may trod me in the very dirt But still, like dust, I'll rise. I agree with lines 1 through 4 because insults have no power. A person can become better and not stoop to your level because still I'll rise (L. 12) One can hate but it will not be heard or acknowledged. A description can be seen in lines 21 through 24: You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may kill me with your hatefulness, But still, like air, I'll rise. Maya Angelou described situations that occurred because of one's color. Angelou discussed the past pain of black slaves. I am the dream and the hope of the slave. (L. 40) I think Angelou stated this line to explain that the past occurred but the new generation is the hope to bury the past. Hoping to bring achievement and success of African-Americans. Elliott/ 2 All society hears is the history of slavery and the pain that began with racism, rape and mistreatment of African-Americans. Lines 29 through 43 describe that with African-American history there is hope for success: Out of the huts of history's shame I rise Up from the past that's rooted in pain I rise I'm a black ocean, leaping and wide, Welling and swelling I bear in the tide. Leaving behind nights of terror and fear I rise Into a daybreak that's wondrously clear I rise Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave, I am the dream and the hope of the slave. I rise I rise I rise. This poem makes me realize that African-Americans have been faced with bitterness. I love this poem because I rise reminds me of 3-D. Elliott/ 3 It comes out while you are reciting the words. It makes me feel like I can rise, no matter my problems, I'll rise. I think if we add this phrase to our vocabulary when a situation of racism occurs, you won't worry about the cause. In Toni Morrison's, The Bluest Eye, racism occurred throughout the novel. Claudia destroyed her white baby dolls. She was upset that people would look at white girls and say how cute they were but that Claudia was not. What made people look at them and say, Awwwww,

Are All Dreams Wish-Fulfilling essays

Are All Dreams Wish-Fulfilling essays Which of your dreams do you believe is definitely not a wish-fulfillment dream? Describe it carefully, and analyze it in relation to your life. If you prove it is not a wish-fulfillment dream, what does that imply about Freuds views? I find it hard to believe that all dreams are wish-fulfilling When you dream, do you always have wish-fulfillment dreams? Sigmund Freud believed that you do. Sigmund Freud was the founder of modern psychiatry. He was raised in Vienna, Austria. He lived from 1856-1939. He studied neurology until it led him to psychiatry. After reading Sigmund Freuds The Interpretation of Dreams, I find it hard to believe that all dreams are wish-fulfilling. A great example is the night of the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City. I was very sad that day because of all that was going on. When I slept that night I had a nightmare. I dreamt that I was in United flight 11 that went into one of the twin towers. A couple of Arabs had taken control of the airplane after killing the pilots. I was told to shut up and stay seated not knowing where the plane was headed or what they planned to do to us. New York City had just come into view as I noticed that we were passing the twin towers. The airplane made a sharp turn and I realized that something bad was about to happen. As we were about to crash into one of the twin towers I woke up sweating and screaming. I have not had a nightmare like that in a while. I was scared to death the next morning. I am usually a very happy person and never have nightmares. This was obviously not a wish-fulfillment dream. The only way that it could have been a wish-fulfillment dream was if I could have saved everyone on the airplane. But I didnt and I woke up as I was dying. Freud says, The dreams of young children are frequently pure wish-fulfillments and are in that case quit ...

Definition and Examples of Embolalia in Speech

Definition and Examples of Embolalia in Speech The term embolalia refers to hesitation forms in  speech-meaningless filler words, phrases, or stammerings such as um, hmm, you know, like, okay, and uh. Also called  filler, spacers, and vocal filler. Embolalia comes from two Greek words meaning something thrown in. In The Painted Word (2013),  Phil Cousineau observes that embolalia is a near-perfect word to describe what we all do at some point in our liveswe throw words around without thinking about them. Examples and Observations Um, this is a fairly unique moment both in our, you know, in our country’s history, and, and in, in, you know, my own life, and um, you know, we are facing, you know, unbelievable challenges, our economy, you know, health care, people are losing their jobs here in New York obviously um, ah, you know. (Caroline Kennedy, in an interview conducted by Nicholas Confessore and David M. Halbfinger of The New York Times, Dec. 27, 2008)Mrs. Kennedy has managed variously to seem utterly opaque while lacking in the basic skills of plain speaking. There has been not a little mockery of her dependence in conversation on the verbal filler, you know. She was heard to utter it 138 times in a conversation with reporters from The New York Times. In a single TV interview she reportedly galloped past the 200 mark. Thats a lot of you knows. (David Usborne, Now Voters Turn Against Kennedys Stuttering Campaign. The Independent, Jan. 7, 2009)Uh, in a school. And my father, he was, uh, from the United States. Just like you, ya know? He was a Yankee. Uh, he used to take me a lot to the movies. I learn. I watch the guys like Humphrey Bogart, James Cagney. They, they teach me to talk. (Al Pacino as Tony Montana in the film Scarface Ive heard about it. I hope you goyou knowI hope you go back to the ranch and the farm is what Im about to say. (President George W. Bush, explaining that he hadnt yet seen the film Brokeback Mountain, Jan. 23, 2006) Throwing Words Around The nervous, I mean, stammering habit of, you know, inserting, I mean kinda throwing meaningless words into, you know, a sentence, when youre, ah, talking. Tossing in the word throw was no accident, as evident in its  root word, the Greek emballein, from em, in, and ballein, to throw in or at . . .. So embolalia turns out to be a sixty-four-dollar-word to describe the habit of throwing around words without thinking . . .. The habit is characterized by often uncontrollable utterances  (hmm, umm, errr), and is a cringeworthy nervous tic in languages everywhere. The cause may be a general deterioration of the spoken word, or a lack of respect for it, sheer nervousness, or a disdain for proper, poetic, or colorful use of the language. (Phil Cousineau,  The Painted Word: A Treasure Chest of Remarkable Words and Their Origins. Viva, 2013)​ In Defense of Verbal Stumbles Modish public speaking coaches will tell you that its OK to say uh or um once in a while, but the prevailing wisdom is that you should avoid such disfluencies or discourse particles entirely. Its thought that they repel listeners and make speakers appear unprepared, unconfident, stupid, or anxious (or all of these together). . . .But uh and um dont deserve eradication; theres no good reason to uproot them. . . . Filled pauses appear in all of the worlds languages, and the anti-ummers have no way to explain, if theyre so ugly, what euh in French, or h and hm in German, or eto and ano in Japanese are doing in human language at all. . . .In the history of oratory and public speaking, the notion that good speaking requires umlessness is actually a fairly recent, and very American, invention. It didnt emerge as a cultural standard until the early 20th century, when the phonograph and radio suddenly held up to speakers ears all the quirks and warbles that, before then, had flitted by. (Michael Erard, â€Å"An Uh, Er, Um Essay: In Praise of Verbal Stumbles.† Slate, July 26, 2011) Further Reading Filler WordsDiscourse MarkerDysfluencyEditing TermsPlaceholderRepair

Changes in Australian Employment Relations Essay

Changes in Australian Employment Relations - Essay Example This essay consists of four sections which shed light on the interference of the Australian government in the employment relationship. The first section will observe the prevalence of employment relations in Australia. The second section analyzes the past trends in Australian government interference in employment relations. The next section discusses the changes in the employment relationship. The final section provides an overall evaluation of the interference of the Australian government in employment relations.The employment relationship is described within many contexts, including economic, political, social, cultural, technological and global arenas. â€Å"The employment relationship is the legal link between employers and employees. It exists when a person performs work or services under certain conditions in return for remuneration. It is through the employment relationship, however, defined, that reciprocal rights and obligations are created between the employee and the empl oyer†. Political parties played a major role in the interference of the government in employment relations. â€Å"The State influences the employment relationship directly through laws on wages (e.g. minimum wages), working conditions (e.g. on hours of work) and many other issues, and through its role as the employer of public sector workers. It also has a series of indirect influences†. The laws made by the State are effectively implemented by the government. The term State and government are often used interchangeably. In Australia, laws have been implemented by the State regarding the employment relation. The employment relationship in Australia has an old history in which political parties played a major role. The employment relationship is often associated with industries and is sometimes known as industrial relations.  

Human resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Human resources - Essay Example The use of effective performance management could somehow contribute to the overall success of a business organization. Implemented by the line managers, performance management is valuable to corporate managers and employees in the sense that the organizational competencies are aligned with the organizational core values (Armstrong and Baron 20). Through the use of proper coaching and guiding techniques, the line managers are expected to be able to effectively motivate employees to unleash their potentials which are necessary in improving the overall performance of the group as a team (ibid). Considering the advantages of having effective performance management, improving the overall organizational performance of a business group is equally beneficial on the part of the public shareholders and the business owners. Basically, improving the overall business performance of an organization increases its profit earnings. Therefore, the public shareholders are expected to receive higher di vidends whereas the business owners are expected to receive more financial gains. ... hat is taking place within a business organization, it becomes a challenge on the part of the HR managers to establish organizational culture that promotes organizational behaviors that are more flexible and open to changes (Rahim and Rahim 227). For this reason, positive reinforcement on employees is necessary from time to time. Within a business organization, the unbreakable behavior laws are referring to the act of making accepted behavioral practices a significant part of the organizational culture. By making positive behavior a part of the organizational culture, the practice of positive behavior within the business organization can become a norm. This makes the development of positive behaviors more difficult to break. Organizational behavior is considered the key factor that could effectively improve the quality products and services being delivered by employees. Given that the HR manager is able to reinforce positive behaviors among its employees, the organizational managers will be able to effectively motive the workers into working as a team in order to reach the organizational goal. It is also possible to make employees become more self-sufficient as a worker. By making employees learn to embrace the importance of self learning, employees could contribute more in terms of improving the overall business performance. Q.3 What is pinpointing? As explained by Axson Pinpointing in performance management is pertaining to organizational behavior that indicates relevant business information that can be used by the organizational leaders when making important business decisions (216). By pinpointing parts of the faulty production process or negative human behavior that could hinder the operational success within a business organization, the organizational managers

Milk Adulteration and Its Toxicological Effects

Milk Adulteration and Its Toxicological Effects Introduction Despite the governing the control of quality and sale of milk existing for decades, adulteration of milk could not be checked. With the increase demand of milk, the adulteration of this commodity is on increasing day by day. The problem of adulteration is more during summer and rainy seasons, when milk production in comparatively much less than the winter season. Adulteration of a food article may be defined as making the article impure by the addition of some of the legally prohibited substances into a more valuable product or the subtraction into a more valuable component a product to devalue the latter or the combination of both, with a view to increase the bulk or quality and to increase unlawful, excessive profit through sale of such a food. Ever since the system of organized milk collection was introduced in this country, the quality of milk received by our dairy industry has not been improved. The adulteration is carried out through a number of fraudulent practices, which not only lower down the nutritional value but makes it unfit for human consumption with toxic effects. The adulterated milk also leads to the production of standard dairy products resulting in economic losses. The practice of adulteration has become extensive due to existing conditions of production and handling of milk. Various no. of tests determine the nature and extent of adulteration of milk and even adulterants. The purchasing power of many consumers in our country is very low. Consequently such consumers often go for the lower price of milk, even knowing about the poorer quality of the same. Such attitude of the consumers makes adulteration of milk possible to a greater extent. [1] Types of adulteration The commonly used adulterants are Addition of water. Addition of separated milk. Addition of thickening agents when milk id watered it becomes deficient in density and also viscosity which may be restored by addition of substances like gelatin, cane sugar, starch, glucose. Partial skimming. Addition of coloring matter to restore color lost by skimming or diluting or to make naturally poor looking to appear rich. Unusual adulterants-of late, due to more wide spread use of fertilizers by farmers in India, who are also the primary milk producers, a few new types of adulterants like urea, ammonium sulphate etc. have come up. [2] MILK ITS COMPOSITION Milk is an emulsion or colloid of butterfat globules with in a water based fluid that contains dissolved carbohydrates and protein aggregates with minerals. Milk is the secretion, practically free from colostrum, obtained by the milking of healthy udder.it represents one of the sources of essential amino acids for human nutrition. These nutritional attributes of milk have long made it a mainstay particularly in the diet of growing children. There are estimated to be the 8 to 10 thousand milk products made of milk available in world thus making it exceptionally versatile raw product. Milk is composed of water, fat, protein, lactose, and minerals. The concentration of these products varies between cows and breeds. Total milk solid refers specifically to fat, protein, lactose and minerals. This is to be differentiated from SNF (solid not fat), a frequently used term which describes the total solid contents minus fat. The nutritional as well as economic value depends upon its solid contents. The higher the solid content the greater the milk product yields. Cheese yield are directly relayed to milk casein content. Milk contains dozens of other types of proteins beside the caseins including enzymes. These other proteins are more water-soluble than the caseins and do not form larger structures. Because the proteins remain suspended in the whey left behind when the caseins coagulate into curds, they are collectively known as whey proteins. Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, citrate, and chlorine are all included as minerals and they typically occur at concentration of 5–40 mm. [3] Composition off milk Water 84-90% Fat 2-6% Protein 3-4% Lactose 4-5% Ash .1% NEED FOR PROCESSING OF MILK A multitude of events takes place in the process of delivering milk from the farm to the dinner table and all are designed to provide the consumer with wholesome, nutritious and safe products. The production of quality milk and milk products are begins in the farms and continuous through further handling, processing and distribution. Milk processing has two primary objectives: Destruction of human pathogens through pasteurization. Keeping the quality and shelf life of the products without significant loss of flavor, appearance, physical and nutritive properties. Milk processing and plant procedure seeks to: Prevent further bacterial contamination of raw material. Reduce bacterial numbers in milk. Protect the finished products from recontamination through careful handling, proper packing and storage. Pasteurization is the means whereby raw milk is rendered safe for human consumption. It is the process of heating milk to a sufficient temperature for a sufficient length of time to make it free from pathogens, and spoilage bacteria. [4] TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ADULTERANTS FORMALIN Formalin is added in milk to preserve it for longer period. Formalin is very toxic. Many cases of biological mutation and reproduction complication have been noted. On toxicity it causes tumors formalin causes CNS disorders and also irritates nose, throat and lungs. When taken in high dose it cause cancer and may lead to coma. UREA Urea is generally added in the preparation of synthetic milk to raise the SNF value. Potential symptoms are burning sensation in throat and chest; cough, dyspnea, exercise-induced asthma (one case); redness, in eyes and skin, headache; nausea, vomiting, lung damage-fibrosis, inflammation (HE11). Affected organs are respiratory system, skin, eyes, it has also used medically as an abortifacient and a skin moisturizer. AMMONIUM SULPHATE The presence of ammonium sulphate increases the lactometer reading. The product has low toxicity. However, the following points should be noted. On skin contact prolonged contact may cause some irritation. On eye contact it may cause irritation. On ingestion small quantities are unlikely to cause toxic effect and large quantities give rise to gastro-intestinal disorders. On inhalation high dust concentration of air-borne material may cause irritation of the nose and upper respiratory tract with symptoms such as sore throat and coughing. Inhalation of some decomposition gases may cause irritation and corrosive effects on the respiratory system. Some lungs effect may be delayed. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Milk is treated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 % of H2O2), along with control sample (untreated sample), for the purpose to activate Lacto peroxidase system, which destroy the bacterial population by its antibacterial effect. Lacto peroxidase (LP) system is naturally present in raw milk that prevents the bacterial multiplication due to its bacteriostatic effect. By activating the LP-system, shelf life of milk can be increased for 8 to 12 hours. Lacto peroxidase (LP) system consists of three components; LP, thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide. And it is active only when all of three components are present. Lacto peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxides and generates an intermediate product with antibacterial properties. These products have a broad range of antimicrobial effects against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Objectives Raw milk preservation by use of H2O2 is done for many important purposes like; To enhance the shelf life of milk for consumption without microbial contamination. To minimize the processing cost by heating the milk. Side Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Eye exposure to dilute hydrogen peroxide may cause extreme irritation and pain, but is unlikely to cause permanent damage. Enemas of dilute hydrogen peroxide have been reported to cause serious gastrointestinal side effects. Skin contact with concentrated hydrogen peroxide can cause severe burns and even gangrene. An overuse of H2O2 can cause damage to DNA cells, and prevent them from replicating, hence leading to premature aging. The use of hydrogen peroxide can cause your skin to dry out or rather drains away the moisture content in skin, which is required to keep your skin looking young and supple. Vitiligo is a disease that is marked by the loss of skin pigment, which affects a lot of people. Studies show that it is due to the high levels of hydrogen peroxide in the blood and epidermis. It can cause irritation in gums and teeth, since H2O2 is a highly reactive compound. Hydrogen peroxide being highly reactive can easily pass through your tooths enamel and react with the dentin and pulp part of your tooth. Throat soreness is another common side effect of hydrogen peroxide. [5] SUGAR The common sugar present in milk is lactose. The fat content of the milk is more compared to the protein content. Table sugar like sucrose is added to the milk to increase the carbohydrate content of the milk and thus the density of milk will be increased. So the milk can now be adulterated with water and it will not be detected during the lactometer test. Ketose sugar will react with the resorcinol to give a red colored precipitate, indicating the presence of Table sugar in milk. SIDE EFFECTS OF SUGAR Sugar can suppress your immune system. Sugar eaten during pregnancy and lactation can influence muscle force production in offspring, which can affect an individual’s ability to exercise. Sugar can elevate glucose and insulin responses and return them to fasting levels slower in oral contraceptive users. Sugar can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells and tissues. Sugar can cause hyperactivity, anxiety, inability to concentrate and crankiness in children. Sugar can produce a significant rise in triglycerides. Sugar causes a decline in tissue elasticity and function – the more sugar you eat, the more elasticity and function you lose. Sugar reduces high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Sugar can lead to ovarian cancer. Sugar can increase fasting levels of glucose. Sugar causes copper deficiency. Sugar can make tendons more brittle. Sugar can increase the levels of glucose in the blood much higher than complex carbohydrates in a glucose tolerance test can. Sugar can cause two blood proteins – albumin and lipoproteins – to function less effectively, which may reduce the body’s ability to handle fat and cholesterol. Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Sugar can cause platelet adhesiveness, which causes blood clots. Sugar can cause hormonal imbalance – some hormones become underactive and others become overactive. Sugar can cause free radicals and oxidative stress. Sugar increases the concentration of bile acids in stool and bacterial enzymes in the colon, which can modify bile to produce cancer-causing compounds and colon cancer. Sugar combines with and destroys phosphatase, a digestive enzyme, which makes digestion more difficult and can aggravate premenstrual syndrome (PMS).[6] Salt Addition of salt in milk is mainly restored with the aim of increasing the corrected lactometer reading. All four cationic electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) are available in unrefined salt, as are other vital minerals needed for optimal bodily function. Too much or too little salt in the diet can lead to muscle cramps, dizziness, or even an electrolyte disturbance, which can cause neurological problems. Excess salt consumption has been linked to: Exercise – induced asthma. Heartburn. Osteoporosis. Gastric cancer is associated with high level of sodium. Hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy (cardiac enlargement). Duodenal ulcer. [7] Vegetable Fat Milk fat is the natural source of variable variety of fatty acids diversified in nature. It is separated to make the cream and sold at high prices. People separate the cream from the milk and add vegetable fat into the milk and then sell it after homogenization. Vegetable fat is unsaturated and it gets oxidized and becomes rancid when exposed to air so become hepato-toxic and may cause liver cirrhosis. Small milk globules become rancid when oil and vegetable fat is being added and interesting thing is that color and consistency of the milk remains normal. [8] Starch Milk contains relatively large amount of fat. Addition of carbohydrate to milk increases its solid content. There by reducing the amount of fat present in the milk. Starch is one such component that is added to adulterate milk. The test to detect starch in milk uses iodine solution, addition of which turns the milk solution to blue black color due to the formation of starch Iodo complex, in the presence of starch. Potential symptoms are irritation of eyes, skin, mucous, membranes, rhinorrhea, cough, chest pain, dermatitis. Soap Soap is added to milk to increase the foaming of milk and thus to have thick milk. Addition of such chemicals will cause health problem especially related to stomach and kidneys. Soap can be detected by adding phenolphthalein indicator to the adulterated milk. A pink color will be observed if soap is present as the alkali will be neutralized by the acidity of the milk when phenolphthalein indicator is added. [9] Neutralizers The new Neutralizers Test manufactured by Astori Tecnica allows the immediate colorimetric determination of the presence of added neutralizers (such as NaOH, KOH, carbonates, bicarbonates, ammonia, various alkalis, etc.) in milk or cream. These prohibited substances may be added to fresh or badly preserved milk with the tricky purpose to correct its pH and acidity values to optimal ones, and so pretend the milk is freshly milked or perfectly preserved. [10] REFERENCES Research Can Lead To Longer Shelf Life For Dairy Products (http: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases /2002/12/021223084204.htm).Sciencedaily.com. 2002-12-23. Retrieved 2010-08-28. Detect Adulteration in Milk: Empowering Consumers to Test Themselves (http://cgsiindia.org/2013/05/detectadulteration-in-milk-empoweringconsumers-to-test-themselves/). Henriksen J, (2009) â€Å"Milk for Health and Wealth. (ftp: //ftp. fao. org/doc rep/fao/011/i 0521e/i 0521e00.pdf) FA O Di versification Booklet Series 6, Rome. Schultz, Madeline (April 2012) fluid milk profile (http: //www. agmrc.org/commodities products/lives tock/dairy/fluid-milk-profile/). Iowa State University. T. Matsuoka (2004). Detection of adulterants in milk using near infrared spectroscopy. J. Food Sci. Tech. 41(3): 313-316. Borin, A., M. F. Ferrao, C. Mello, D. A. Maretto and R. J. Poppi (2006). Least-squares support vector machines and near infrared spectroscopy for quantification of common adulterants in powdered milk. Analytica Chimica Acta. 579:25-32. Tipu, M. S., I. Altaf, M. Ashfaq, S. Siddique (2007). Monitoring of chemical adulterants and hygienic status of market milk. Handbook published by Quality Control Laboratory, Lahore, Pakistan. pp.: 7. Jha, S. N. And T. Matsuoka (2004). Detection of adulterants in milk using near infrared spectroscopy. J. Food Sci. Tech. 41(3): 313-316. Sengar, M. S. (2007). Milk adulteration on rise in Agra. Friday, November, 07, India. Accessed from www.google.com. Anonymous, (2012). Introduction to dairy science and technology: milk history, consumption, production, and composition. International Dairy Federation, Bulletin 423/2007. Accessed from: http://www.foodsci. cuoguelph. ca/dairyedu/intro.html.

Health Care Financial Accounting Essay

It is essential in any business, not just health care to understand how finances directly affect the growth, success and longevity of the business and all its parts. To truly understand how finance affects business it is important to gain knowledge and understanding of how the business generate revenue ,the cash flow of money that comes into the business, how bills are paid and money leaves the business and how investments are made in the business that can directly and indirectly impact the financial growth of the organization. In health care organizations there are different factors that come into play in the financial department but ultimately the process of generating revenue and paying debts are the same as any other business organization. The following items will be addressed in the review of Patton-Fuller financial statements: Annual report, including Patton-Fuller financial statements and relationship between revenue sources and expenses on Patton-Fuller’s financial per formance. How did the audited and unaudited financial statements differ? In general the audited reports are more formal than the unaudited reports. The audited report includes the company’s history, a CFO report, a message from the CEO, and a report of independent auditors. The audited and unaudited financial statements differ slightly in data in some areas for Patton- Fuller Community Hospital. Under the assets section in the numbers for patients accounts receivable numbers differ slightly from 2009. In 2009 on the unaudited report it provides the data of 59,787 and on the audited it has 58,787. This also leaves the total current assets and the total assets to differ slightly for 2009. On the audited report total current assets for 2009 are 127,867 and on the unaudited report it has 128,867. On the unaudited report the total assets for 2009 are 588,767 and 587,767 on the audited. Under the total liabilities calculations the retained earnings for 2009 differ slightly. The data for 2009, on the unaudited report gives 126,564 while the audited report gives  125,564. What is the effect of revenue sources on financial reporting at the hospital? The effect of revenue sources on financial reporting at the hospital are that it is variable and could adjust as the reports get audited and could change year to year. Revenue comes from a few different sources and can be located on the financial statements and reports for the year. According to the information on the balance sheet, the sources of the â€Å"Other Revenue† are third party payers of patient bills. For the income statement, the revenue is used to calculate the operating income and ultimately the net income. The Net Income value is factored into our â€Å"Statement of Owners’ Equity† report to give us our end of the year value for retained earnings and stockholders’ equity. Net patient revenue is the first and foremost source of income for Patton-Fuller Hospital. Other sources of revenue come from borrowing monies, equity from stock or capital, and company assets. In 2008, the net patient revenue was $418,509 in the audited report. The total other revenue for 2008 accounted for $2,805 in the audited report as well. These amounts did not change from the unaudited report. The net patient revenue for 2009 was $459,900, and other revenue was $3,082 for that year. For Patton-Fuller Hospital, the income statement shows the total revenues increased by $41,668 from 2008 ($421,314) to 2009 ($462,982 Upon further reading on the reports we find that the total expenses goes over the amount of revenue the hospital is bringing in. The total expenses for 2008 were $437,424 and for 2009 it was $463,293. ). However, since expenses continued to exceed the total revenues, our net income remained a net loss in 2009 ($373). So the overall effect of the sources on the hospital is that the hospital is going in debt because they cannot match revenue with expenses as part of the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). How are the hospital’s revenues and expenses grouped for planning and control? The Patton Fuller Community Hospital’s statement of revenue and expense is grouped for planning and control as it is itemized out by the different types of income and expenses. Patton-Fuller Hospital groups all revenues into two categories for planning and control, the first category is net patient revenue, and the second is other revenue. Other revenue can be broken up into sub categories like revenue from assets, capital, and stock but I believe the idea of bunching them together is so it is easier to stay organized. This gives managers a clear picture as to what type of services  are receiving the most income and causing the most expenses and designed to make it easier to calculate the total net revenue from the two main sources. Expenses are broken up a little further in the financial statements; expenses are broken up by salaries and benefits, supplies, physician and professional fees, utilities, other expenses, depreciation & amortization (â€Å"non-cash† expens es), interest, and provision for doubtful accounts. Provision for doubtful accounts would also include any changed due to being audited. These are broken up further to show where the money goes each financial period for future planning and helping to predict future expenses; this information can assist a manager in planning future budgets and in making financial adjustments to increase revenue and decrease expenses. The total expenses for 2008 were $437,424, and for 2009 they were $463,293. In 2008 the difference between the revenue the hospital brought in versus what their expenses were was $16,110. The difference in 2009 was $311 from what there revenue was verses what their expenses were. The detailed way in which the expenses are laid out allows an individual to clearly see where finances are going and highlight any warning signs that a certain department or service is costing the hospital too much and needs to be re-evaluated. Conclusion After reviewing these statements it is a clear picture that Patton-Fuller Hospital had a undeniable difference in the 2008 versus the 2009 financial statements. The numbers and financial ratios show a decrease in revenue and no improvement for the overall growth of the hospital. A good practice for the hospital’s financial managers is to regularly review the financial reports and statements to help project and plan for the differences in the audited and unaudited reports for Patton-Fuller hospital. References Apollo Group. (2013). Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Virtual Organization [Multimedia]. Retrieved from Apollo Group, HCS405-Health Care Financial Accounting website.

Supply Chain Management - 1598 Words

Thousands of activities are performed and coordinated within an organization, and every company at least one supply chain relationship with another organization. Research has led to the conclusion that the structure of activities within and between companies is a critical cornerstone of creating unique and superior supply chain performance (Lambert, 2005). Successful supply chain management requires integrating business processes with key members of the supply chain, because valuable resources are wasted when supply chains are not effectively managed. Standard business processes enable managers from different organizations in the supply chain to use a common language and link-up their organizations processes with other members of the†¦show more content†¦The hotel serves many different customer segments. During the weekdays, the primary customers are corporate travelers. On the weekends, holidays, and during the summer months there is a mixed customer base that consists o f both corporate and leisure travelers. The supply chain processes of this hotel are not atypical, however many other hotel chains are beginning to centralize the purchasing function. This change will strengthen the position of the purchase manager in the organization and enable a neutral centralized body that can coordinate and consolidate the disparate hotel purchasing operations (Bhattacharya, Upadhye Dham, 2004). An example of the cost savings can be found at a major hotel in Latin America that operates several chains with numerous hotels per chain that moved to a Shared Services Center across all their hotel chains for procurement, accounts payable, and accounts receivable. In the past, each individual hotel had its own separate business process for these functions. They have increased productivity and estimate $2.5 million to $3.5 million in annual benefits (Hausman, 2005). In addition to centralizing the purchasing function, ordering is now being done over the Internet so that shipments can be tracked and delivery dates calculated. Internet based inbound transportationShow MoreRelatedThe Supply Chain Management Of Supply Chains1372 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world. Supply chains are now very complex and flourishing in the global marketplace, but only constructed and managed correctly. My discipline is supply chain management. There are many different functions of the supply chain that make it what it is. Breaking this discipline down to specific job task is difficult because each process in a supply chain, no matter how complex is connected with at least one other process in the supply chain. There is no clear definition of a supply chain. A supplyRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Supply Chains1476 Words   |  6 Pages1.3 Supply Chain Supply chains encompass the companies and the business activities needed to design, make, deliver, and use a product or service. Businesses depend on their supply chains to provide them with what they need to survive and thrive. Every business fits into one or more supply chains and has a role to play in each of them. The pace of change and the uncertainty about how markets will evolve has made it increasingly important for companies to be aware of the supply chains they participateRead MoreSupply Chain Management Of Supply Chains1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe supply chain, not just a simple competition between enterprises. In order to win the competition in the supply chain, which means it must be through the management of the supply chain. Currently supply chains become more integrated, more global, the high-speed development of information technology has become an important driving force. In this report will explore the development of supply chain management technologies and impor tant role. Supply chain and technologies role Supply chain is theRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Supply Chains Essay831 Words   |  4 Pagesto answer the question of what is supply chain management we must know what a supply chain is. According to (Mentzer et al., 2001, p. 1) â€Å"Supply chain is defined as the network of organisations which are involved in different processes that produce value either in the form of products or services delivered to consumers†. A supply chain is made up of suppliers, manufactures and distributors, a good way of looking at this is the supply chain pipeline. A supply chain is seen as an enabler, this is whyRead MoreSupply Of Supply Chain Management830 Words   |  4 PagesSupply Chain Management Goal of a supply chain. According to Defining the Supply Chain, there are 5 specific goals of supply chain management. They are as follows: 1. Achieve Efficient Fulfillment – â€Å"the purpose of supply chain management is to make inventory readily available in customer facing positions to fulfill demand. The fresh produce business adage â€Å"you can’t sell from an empty wagon† highlights this fundamental purpose of supply chain management†. (Defining the Supply Chain) OrganizationsRead MoreSupply Chain Management986 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are not faced by Dell? How should Ford deal with these challenges? 3. If you are Teri Takai, what would you recommend to senior executives? Tow what degree should Ford emulate Dell’s business model? Herman Miller: Innovation by Design? (Supply Chain Strategy) 1. What are the main elements of Herman Miller’s history, design philospophy, and corporate values? How have they influenced the company’s success? 2. What led Miller SQA to develop a new business model to serve its market? What isRead MoreSupply Chain Management12177 Words   |  49 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN UPPLY HAIN MANAGEMENT ANAGEMENT Report produced for the EC funded project INNOREGIO: dissemination of innovation and knowledge management techniques Sotiris Zigiaris, MSc, BPR engineer by BPR HELLAS SA J A N U A R Y 2 0 0 0 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 1 Contents 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 Description What is the Supply Chain Management (SCM) What is the importance of Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Today Supply Chain Management TomorrowRead MoreSupply Chain Management1730 Words   |  7 PagesSTARBUCKS IT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT This is a case that illustrates several facets at once: Globalization Rapid Expansion, Supply Chain Management, ERP Implementation, and IT Infrastructure. This case takes place in 1997. Introduction You have to admire the enthusiasm of Starbucks employees. Store managers have been known to stuff sacks of coffee beans into their cars and race over to help out other stores running low. Exceptional customer service, but certainly no way to run a businessRead MoreSupply Chain Management Value Of Supply Chains1122 Words   |  5 PagesHeading: Supply Chain Management-Value of Supply Chain Introduction: Supply chain management is a complex undertaking that must involve more than one organization’s efforts to succeed. A tremendous amount of skill, time, and money must be present to build and develop relationships, discover and implement a strategy, and use the capabilities of the chain to build quality at an efficient financial rate. Allowing for these requirements, it leaves one to wonder whether supply chain management is a viableRead MoreSupply Of Supply Chain Management Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesSupply Chain Management involves the process of managing, monitoring, controlling and constantly coordinating supply related activities among manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, retailer and the consumers. All this is done while integrating supply management with demand management, not only within but also across companies. Since all the processes involved in managing supply chain activities require a robust system in place, every company turns to technology for efficient and effective synchronization

Escape From Alcatraz ( 1979 ) Directed By Don Siegel

The legendary film, Escape from Alcatraz (1979) directed by the famous iconic movie maker, Don Siegel, tells a riveting story about three close inmates and their highly thought out escape plan. Frank Morris, played by the famous Clint Eastwood, is transported to the most solid and uptight prison, Alcatraz, in San Francisco, California. He is transferred from a prison in Atlanta, Georgia and booked into Alcatraz on January 18, 1960. Upon his arrival, the prison warden informs Morris that no one has ever escaped Alcatraz. He lets Morris know that many have tried to escape, but they were never successful. As a warning to Morris, the warden states that no one will ever escape under his supervision. Morris in turn uses this statement from the warden as his motivation to once again escape from prison. Morris has previously escaped every prison he has been placed in, and this happens to be the reason for his transfer to Alcatraz. Two other inmates, Clarence and John Anglin who are biologica l brothers, assist in the notorious escape and manage to flee alongside Morris. Clarence and John Anglin are played by the actors Frank Ward and Jack Thibeau. The brothers were not transported to Alcatraz Island until months after Frank Morris had been transferred and booked. However, the three â€Å"friendmates† were tight acquaintances in the Atlanta, Georgia prison. The movie and the characters tell the true and unruly story of the escape from the most secure prison in the United States known as